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Bovine Fluorosis in Sweden
Fluoros hos nötkreatur i Sverige
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 12, pages 164–184 (1971)
Abstract
Fluorotic lesions have been studied in cows and calves of SRB breed on farms belonging to 2 agricultural companies. From the one company (HP) in Dalecarlia 3 calves, 4 heifers and 2 cows were examined and from the other (B) in Södermanland 12 bull-calves. The submitted material consisted of a carcase from 1 dead calf and skull, metacarpus and in some cases kidneys from slaughtered animals. The fluorine content of feed and water samples was determined. In material from HP extensive enamel defects and strong wear were found in the deciduous incisors. Fluorotic lesions in calves have not been described previously. One calf had strong osteoporosis and in the rest of the material osteosclerosis and subperiosteal bone apposition was found. In the kidneys some tubular atrophy was found. Kidney lesions have not been observed previously in bovine fluorosis. Dark furrows and enamel defects appeared in the teeth of the heifers and the cows. In the skeleton they had osteosclerosis and in some cases also subperiosteal bone appositions. The fluorine content of the skeleton varied between 500 and 3,100 p.p.m. in bone ash. Water samples contained 0.5–2.0 and the mineral supply 500–630 p.p.m. of fluorine.
In material from company B widespread enamel defects, strong wear of the deciduous incisors and deviations and irregular eruption of the permanent incisors were found. In the skeleton osteosclerosis and subperiosteal bone apposition and in the kidneys in 1 case patchy atrophy of the tubules were found. Microscopically the skeleton showed signs of repair. The fluorine content of the skeleton varied between 135 and 300 p.p.m. in the ash. In water samples 1.5–4.0 p.p.m. of fluorine were found. The used mineral supply contained 300–500 p.p.m. of fluorine. The fluorosis in these animals was considered to be caused by a combination of the fluorine of the water and the mineral supplement. Considering the microscopic picture and the low skeletal fluorine level, the lesions in the bull-calves of company B were interpreted as fluorosis being in a process of repair. To this view contributed the fact that the ingested fluorine in these animals was reduced during the fattening period.
Sammanfattning
Kroniska fluorskador har studerats på kor och kalvar av SRB-ras på gårdar tillhörande 2 lantbruks b olag. Från det ena lantbruksbolaget (HP), beläget i Dalarna, undersöktes 3 kalvar, 4 kvigor och 2 kor och från det andra (B) i Södermanland 12 kastrerade tjurkalvar. Det insända materialet utgjordes dels av ett helt kadaver, insänt för obduktion, dels av huvud, skenben och i en del fall njurar från slaktade djur. Foder- och vattenprover undersöktas på förekomst av fluor. I materialet från HP påvisades utbredda emalj defekter samt ökad nedslitning i kalvarnas mjölktänder. Fluorotiska tandförändringar hos kalvar är icke kända enligt tidigare undersökningar. En kalv hade höggradig osteoporos och de övriga osteoskleros samt subperiostal bennybildningar. I njurarna påvisades i 2 fall härdformig atrofi av tubuli. Njurskador är icke tidigare beskrivna vid fluoros hos nötkreatur. Hos kvigorna och korna påvisades mörka fåror och emaljdefekter i incisiverna. I skelettet förelåg osteoskleros och i några av fallen även subperiostala bennybildningar. FluorhaMerna i skelettet varierada mellan 500—3.100 p.p.m., i askan. Vattenprover innehöll 0,5—2,0 p.p.m. fluor. Det använda mineralfodret innehöll 500—630 p.p.m, fluor.
I djurmaterial från lantbruksbolaget B påvisades utbredda emaljdefekter, höggradig nedslitning av incisiverna (mjölktänder) samt deviationer och oregelbunden framkomst av de permanenta incisiverna. I skelettet påvisades osteoskleros och subperiostala bennybildningar och i njurarna i ett fall härdforniig atrofi av tubuli. Mikroskopiskt påvisades avläkningsbilder i skelettet. Fluorvärdena i skelettet varierade mellan 135—300 p.p.m. i askan. I vattenprover påvisades 1,5—4,0 p.p.m. fluor.
Fluorskadorna på dessa båda gårdar ansågs vara orsakade av en kombination av fluorhalten i vattnet och i mineralfodret. Hos tjurkalvarna tillhörande lantbruksbolaget B ansågs skadorna vara stadda i avläkning på grund av skelett förändringarnas utseende och den låga fluorhalten i skelettet. Detta styrks också av, att mineralfodret ej tillfördes under gödningen, varigenom den intagna fluormängden minskat.
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Obel, AL., Erne, K. Bovine Fluorosis in Sweden. Acta Vet Scand 12, 164–184 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547751
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547751