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An Experimental Study of a Concurrent Primary Infection with Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Calves

Experimentell studie av en samtida primärinfektion med bovint respiratoriskt syncytialt virus (BRSV) och bovint virus diarré virus (BVDV) hos kalv

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 39, pages 251–264 (1998)Cite this article

Abstract

Experimental infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were performed to study the effect of concurrent BRSV and BVDV infections. Twelve seronegative calves, in 3 groups, were inoculated on a single occasion with pure BRSV (group A), BRSV and noncytopathogenic BVDV (group B) or mock infected (group C).

Mild respiratory symptoms were recorded 4 to 5 days post inoculation (dpi) in group A and group B calves. One calf in group A was severely affected and required medical treatment. In group B, fever (40.7-41.4 °C) was prominent 7 to 8 dpi. Only calves in group B were BVDV positive in purified lymphocytes at 2 to 14 dpi and showed increased serum interferon levels, with a peak at 4 dpi, indicating BVDV to be responsible for inducing the rise.

BRSV was detected in lung lavage fluids up to 7 dpi for group A calves, compared to 11 dpi for group B and calves in this group also seroconverted later displaying lower BRSV titers. The time lag before an antibody response and the titers recorded in group B, indicated that the duration of BVDV infection in lymphocytes negatively influenced the capacity to mount a BRSV antibody response. kw|Keywords|k]cattle; k]respiratory disease; k]interferon; k]PCR

Sammanfattning

En experimentell infektionsstudie genomfördes i syfte att klarlägga effekten av en samtida infektion med BRSV och BVDV Tolv kalvar, i 3 grupper om 4 djur, inokulerades vid ett och samma tillfälle med ett av följande: enbart BRSV (Grupp A), BRSV tillsammans med BVDV (Grupp B) eller sterilt medium (Grupp C).

Samtliga kalvar i Grupp A och B visade milda respiratoriska symtom 4 till 5 dagar efter infektionstillfället (dpi). En kalv i Grupp A insjuknade i en sekundär Pasturellainfektion, varvid penicillinbehandling sattes in. De kalvar som fick både BRSV och BVDV (Grupp B) hade en mer uttalad feber (40,7-41,4 °C) 7 till 8 dpi än kalvar som fatt BRSV enbart (Grupp A). Endast hos kalvar i Grupp B kunde BVDV påvisats i lymfocyter 2 till 14 dpi, och endast denna grupp visade positiva seruminterferon nivåer 4 dpi.

BRSV påvisades i lungsköljprov från Grupp A kalvar upp till 7 dpi, vilket kan jämföras med 11 dpi för Grupp B kalvar. Dessa serokonverterade även senare och visade inte lika höga antikroppsnivåer som Grupp A. Det fördröjda antikroppssvaret och den lägre antikroppsnivån hos kalvar som fått både BRSV och BVDV indikerar att individens förmåga att bilda antikroppar samt eliminera virus påverkas negativt av en pågående BVDV infektion.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Lisbeth Fuxler for performing the interferon analyses, and to Dr GE Jones and Dr B Klingeborn for constructive criticism. We also thank Professor S O Jacobsson for permitting us to use the premises at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and to Kerstin Berglund and the rest of the staff there for taking excellent care of the animals.

This research was supported by grants from the Swedish Farmers' Foundation for Agricultural Research, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cattle and Sheep, The National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 7073, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    M. Elvander, M. Persson & S. Alenius

  2. Department of Virology, The National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden

    M. Elvander, C. Baule, L. Egyed, A. Ballagi-Pordány, S. Belák & S. Alenius

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  1. M. Elvander
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  2. C. Baule
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  3. M. Persson
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  4. L. Egyed
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  5. A. Ballagi-Pordány
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  6. S. Belák
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  7. S. Alenius
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Correspondence to M. Elvander.

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Elvander, M., Baule, C., Persson, M. et al. An Experimental Study of a Concurrent Primary Infection with Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Calves. Acta Vet Scand 39, 251–264 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547797

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Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147