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Light and Electron Microscopic Investigation of Equine Synovial Membrane

Ljus- och elektronmikroskopisk undersökning av hästens synovialmembran. En jämförande studie mellan kliniskt friska leder och leder med intraartikulär fraktur samt leder med osteochondrosis dissecans

A Comparison Between Healthy Joints and joints with Intraarticular Fractures and Osteochondrosis Dissecans

Abstract

Light and electron microscopic examination was made on equine synovial membrane from 23 healthy joints, nine joints with synovitis caused by intraarticular fracture and 10 joints with synovitis caused by osteochondrosis dissecans. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the equine synovial membrane from healthy joints was of principally the same character as described in other species. Three types of synovial membrane — areolar, fibrous and adipose — and two types of lining cell were distinguished histologically. Ultrastructurally three types of lining cells were distinguished: A and Β type and an intermediate cell type. In healthy joints they were loosely arranged, parallel to the joint surface in an intercellular matrix, which was in direct continuity with the joint space. In joints with intraarticular fracture there was mild inflammation of the synovial membrane. There was elongation and hyperplasia of the lining cells with a relative increase in type A cells. The cell surface of lining cells was increased through filopodia. There was also an increase in cytoplasmic organelles i.e. hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes in Β type cells and an increase in lysosomes, and increased numbers of vesicles of varying types in A cells. In joints with osteochondrosis dissecans the lining cell hyperplasia and the inflammation in the synovial membrane were more prominent. Ultrastructurally the same alterations as in the previous group were seen including a relative increase in the number of A cells but degenerative changes were common in the lining cells. These changes were dilatation and vesiculation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial condensation, dilatation of the nuclear envelope and loss of plasma membranes, leading to disintegration of cells.

Sammanfattning

Synovialmembran från 23 friska leder och 9 leder med synovit till följd av intraartikulär fraktur samt 10 leder med synovit till följd av osteochondrosis dissecans undersöktes ljus- och elektronmikroskopiskt. Såväl ljusmikroskopiskt som ultrastrukturellt befanns synovialmembranet från friska hästleder visa överensstämmelse med andra djurslags. Tre typer av synovialmembran — areolärt, fibröst och adipost — samt två typer av intimaceller kunde urskiljas histologiskt. Ultrastruktur ellt kunde tre typer av intimaceller urskiljas: A- och B-celler samt en intermediär celltyp. I friska leder låg dessa celler i luckra förband omgivna av en lucker matrix, som ofta stod i direkt kontakt med ledhålan. I leder med intraartikulär fraktur förelåg en lindrig inflammation i synovialmembranet. En elongering och hyperplasi av intimaceller, samt en relativ ökning av A-celler iakttogs. Intimacellernas yta var förstorad till följd av cellutskott. Vidare iakttogs en ökning av vissa organeller, nämligen en hyperplasi av det endoplasmatiska retiklet och Golgi apparater i B-celler och ett ökat antall lysosomer och vesikler i A-celler. I leder med osteochondrosis dissecans var inflammationen i synovialmembranet och hyperplasin av intimaceller mera uttalade. Ultrastrukturellt förelåg också samma förändringar som i föregående grupp inbegripande även en relativ ökning av antalet A-celler. Dessutom var degenerativa förändringar i intimaceller vanliga. Dessa förändringar bestod i en dilatering och vesikulering av det endoplasmatiska retiklet, kondensering av mitochondrier, dilatering av kärnhöljet och avsaknad av plasma membran medförande upplösning av cellerna.

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Johansson, HE., Rejnö, S. Light and Electron Microscopic Investigation of Equine Synovial Membrane. Acta Vet Scand 17, 153–168 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547924

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