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Bioavailability to Chicks of Selenium in Barley, Oats and Meat Meal

Biologisk tillgänglighet av selen i korn, havre och köttmjöl till kycklingar

Abstract

Day-old White Leghorn chicks deficient in selenium (Se) were fed a low Se basal diet (containing adequate level of vitamin E) for 2 weeks depletion period before they were given the experimental diets containing different levels of Se for 4 weeks. Dietary treatments contained 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 or 0.12 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite, barley, oats, meat meal or their extracted counterparts. Plasma GSH-Px activity was observed at weekly intervals, while the Se concentration of plasma and liver were determined at the end of the study. The biological availability of Se in the test ingredients was measured by the induction of plasma GSH-Px activity. In comparison to sodium selenite (100 %) it was: 77 % for barley, 80 % for extracted barley, 37 % for oats, 62 % for extracted oats, 20 % for meat meal, and 26 % for extracted meat meal. Using the retention of Se in plasma as a criterion, the following biological availability of Se was observed: barley 151 %; extracted barley 102 %; oats 90 %; extracted oats 107 %; meat meal 40 %; and extracted meat meal 47 %. Similarly, the efficiency of the test ingredients in increasing the Se concentration in liver was: barley 82 %; extracted barley 90 %; oats 67 %; extracted oats 98 %; meat meal 26 %; and extracted meat meal 31 %. The greater biopotency of the natural Se sources for increasing the Se concentration of the chick tissues than for inducing the plasma GSH-Px activity in comparison to sodium selenite, indicated that proportionally less amounts of the Se retained in the chick plasma from the natural sources were incorporated into the metabolic active form of Se, i.e., GSH-Px. Therefore, the plasma GSH-Px activity was suggested as the more reliable criterion to be used for the evaluation of the bioavailability of Se.

Sammanfattning

Daggamla vita Leghornkycklingar utarmade på selen utfodrades med en selenfattig basaldiet (innehållande adekvat nivå av vitamin E) under 2 veckor innan de sattes på försökskoster innehållande olika selennivåer under ytterligare 4 veckor. De olika dieterna innehöll 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 eller 0.12 mg Se/kg foder som natriumselenit, korn, havre, köttmjöl eller de tre sistnämnda foder-komponentemas extraherade motsvarigheter. Plasma GSH-Px aktiviteten mättes med en veckas intervaller medan selenkoncentrationen i plasma och lever bestämdes vid försökets slut. Selenets biologiska tillgänglighet i de testade foderkomponenterna mättes med induceringen av GSH-Px aktiviteten i plasma. Jämfört med natriumselenit (100 %) var den biologiska tillgängligheten av selen 77 % i kom, 80 % i extraherat korn, 37 % i havre, 62 % i extraherat havre, 20 % i köttmjöl och 26 % i extraherat köttmjöll. Då selenretentionen i plasma användes som kriterium kunde följande värden fästslås för selenets biologiska tillgänglighet: 151 % för kom, 102 % för extraherat kom, 90 % för havre, 107 % för extraherat havre, 40 % för köttmjöl och 47 % för extraherat köttmjöl. På motsvarande sätt och då selenkoncentrationen i levern användes som måttstock erhölls följande värden för selenets biologiska tillgänglighet i respektive fodermedel: 82 % i korn, 90 % i extraherat kom, 67 % i havre, 98 % i extraherat havre, 26 % i köttmjöl och 31 % i extraherat köttmjöl. Den högre biopotensen hos naturliga selenkällor vad gällde ökningen av selenkoncentrationen i kycklingvävnadcr än vid induceringen av GSH-Px aktiviteten i plasma jämfört med natriumselenit, visade att proportionellt mindre mängder av selen, som retinerades i kycklingplasma från naturliga källor inkorporerades i metaboliskt aktiv form av selen, dvs. i GSH-Px. Därför fastslogs att plasma GSH-Px aktiviteten är ett mera pålitligt kriterium för bestämning och utvärdering av selenets biologiska tillgänglighet.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Johan Korkman, Ph. D., and Kemira Oy, Helsinki, Finland and to Gunnar Gissel-Nielsen, Ph. D., Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, who have most generously placed selenium enriched barley and oats, respectively, at our disposal. They are indebted to Birgitta Vegerfors-Persson, M. Sc., and Gunnar Ekbohm, Ph. D., Department of Economics and Statistics, College of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, for performing the statistical analyses. This investigation was supported by grants from the Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research.

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Hassan, S., Hakkarainen, R.V.J. & Lindberg, P.O. Bioavailability to Chicks of Selenium in Barley, Oats and Meat Meal. Acta Vet Scand 28, 81–92 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548259

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