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Evaluation of a Cow-Side Test for Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Milk from Cows with Mastitis

Feltforsøk med en test for påvisning av gram-negative bakterier i melk fra kyr med mastitt

Abstract

A modified Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) cow-side test was evaluated under field conditions. The principle of the test is to visualize reactions between test components and endotoxin from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The practical purpose is to detect such bacteria in mastitic milk. Secretions from 789 udder quarters with clinical mastitis were examined by the LAL-test. Parallel quarter milk samples were sent to a mastitis laboratory for microbiological examination. Eleven veterinary surgeons in three veterinary districts in Norway performed the field investigations. Results of the LAL-test and culture agreed in 93% of all milk samples tested, agreement measured by kappa being 0.63. The sensitivity of the test in detecting Gram-negative bacteria was 63%, while the specificity was 97%. The predictive value of a positive test result was 70%, the figure being somewhat higher (75%) when the material was limited to milk samples without antibiotic residues. The predictive value of a negative test result was 95%. The LAL-test is considered to constitute a valuable cow-side test for the veterinary practitioner, aiding the selection of antibacterial drug of choice for the initial treatment of clinical mastitis.

Sammendrag

Det er foretatt en feltutprøvmg av en modifisert Limulus amøbocyt lysat (LAL) test som er utviklet for å påvise tilstedeværelse av endotoksinholdige bakterier i mastittmelk. Elleve praktiserende vetennærer i 3 veterinærdistrikter i Norge deltok i undersøkelsen. Parallelt uttatte prøver ble undersøkt ved et mastittlaboratorium.

For 93% av de undersøkte prøvene var det over-ensstemmelse mellom testresultat og laboratoriefunn. Overensstemmelse angitt ved kappa var 0,63. Testens sensitivitet med hensyn til å påvise gram-negative bakterier var 63%, mens spesifisiteten var 97% For materialet som helhet var den prediktive verdi av et positivt testresultat 70%, av et negativt testresultat 95%. Etter å ha ekskludert prøver der det ble påvist antibiotikarester, ble den prediktive verdi av et positiv testresultat funnet å være 75%, av et negativt testresultat 95%. LAL-testen anses som et nyttig hjelpemiddel for praktiserende vetennærer når de skal foreta medikamentvalg ved den lnitiale behandlingen av kliniske mastittilfelle.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the veterinary surgeons who performed the field investigations; Jan Henrik Aubert, Synnøve Dahle, Gudmund Kjørsvik, Arnt Minsaas, Nils Månum, Torolv Røthe, Hans Robert Skei, Karen Hege Skjeggestad, Harald Solem, Guro Sveberg, and Kristian Wibe.

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Waage, S., Jonsson, P. & Franklin, A. Evaluation of a Cow-Side Test for Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Milk from Cows with Mastitis. Acta Vet Scand 35, 207–212 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548348

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548348

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