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Effects of Thiopentone Halothane-Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia Compared to Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia on the DC Recorded Dog Electroretinogram

Verkan av tiopental-halotan kväveoxid anestesi jämfört med ketamin-xylazin anestesi på likströmsförstärkt elektroretinogram hos hund

Abstract

Eleven ophthal-moscopically healthy dark adapted dogs were examined by DC ERG technique with single flash full field illumination starting with near b-wave threshold blue (tests 1-3) and white (tests 4-6) stimuli of different intensity and ending with 30 Hz photopic flicker smuli (test 7) after light adaptation. All animals were anaesthetized using 2 different anaesthetic methods: Anaesthesia I (A I): Induction with thiopentone sodium, continued with halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Anaesthesia II (A II): Praemedication with xylazine hydrochloride followed by anaesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride. A minimum interval of 1 week was kept between all anaesthesias.

The a- and b-wave amplitudes and latencies were determined. Statistical analysis of results indicated that the a- and b-waves were elicited by weaker intensities in A II. In Tests 3-6 the a-wave was highly significantly (P < 0.001), higher in amplitude in AII than in A I. Differencies in b-wave amplitudes were not statistically significant (except Test 1). The b-wave latencies were longer in AI in Test 2 (using low intensity blue light). The a-wave latencies were slightly shorter in AII in Test 6 (using high intensity white light).

In additional experiments the selective action of the different agents (except N2O) used in AI and AII was studied. Thiopentone alone given to 3 dogs seemed to depress the a-wave selectively.

Halothane given separately to 3 dogs lowered both the a- and b-wave amplitudes. Ketamine given with a neuromuscular blocking agent to three dogs resulted in responses almost identical to those in AII.

Xylazine with vecuronium given to 4 dogs resulted in responses with slighly depressed a- and b-waves in comparison to ketamine with vecuronium.

The results indicate that when developing an animal model for the electrophysiologic study of human retinal dystropies, the actions of different anaesthetics upon the ERG components are of great importante.

Sammendrag

Elva oftalmoskopiskt friska mörkeradapterade hunder undersöktes med hjälp av likströms ERG med enskilda blixtar som reflekterades över hela synfältet börjande med blått ljus nära b-vågens retningströskel (test 1–3), följda av vitt ljus (test 4–6) och 30 Hz fotopiskt flicker (test 7). Alla hundar sövdes ner med två olika anestesimetoder: Anestesi I (A I) Induktion med tiopental-natrium, följt av halotan och kväveoxid med syre. Anestesi II (A II): Premedikation med xylazin-hydroklorid följd av anestesi med ketamin-hydroklorid. Tidsintervallen mellan experimenten var minst en vecka.

A- och b-vågornas amplituder och latenser mättes. Statistisk analys av resultaten indikerade att a- och b-vågorna framkallades av lägre stimulus intensiteter i A II. I test 3–6 hade a-vågen en statistiskt högt signifikant (P < 0.001) större amplitud i AII än i A I. Skillnaderna i b-vågornas amplituder var inte statistiskt signifikanta (utom i test 1). B-vågens latenser var längre i A I i test 2 (blått ljus av låg intensitet). A-vågens latenser var lite kortare i A II i test 6 (vitt ljus av hög intensitet). I tillägsexperiment undersöktes de olika preparatens (utom N2O) Selektiva verkan på amplituderna och latenserna. Då enbart tiopental gavs åt tre hundar sänktes a-vågen selektivt varemot enbart halotan givet åt tre hundar sänkte både a- och b-vågornas amplituder. Ketamin applicerat tillsammans med ett muskelrelaxans åt tre hundar resulterade i nästan likadana responser som i A II. Xylazin med muskelrelaxans givet åt fyra hundar resulterade i responser med lite lägre a- och b-vågor än ketamin med muskelrelaxans.

Resultaten indikerar att verkan av olika anestetika på ERG komponenter är av stor betydelse vid utvecklandet av en djurmodell för undersökning av humana näthinnedystrofier.

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Kommonen, B., Karhunen, U. & Raitta, C. Effects of Thiopentone Halothane-Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia Compared to Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia on the DC Recorded Dog Electroretinogram. Acta Vet Scand 29, 23–33 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548388

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