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The DC-Recorded Dog Electroretinogram in Ketamine -Medetomidine Anaesthesia

Likströms förstärkt registrering av elektroretinogram på hund i ketamin – medetomidin anestesi

Abstract

A new selective alpha 2-adre-noreceptor agonist, medetomidine hydrochloride was combined with low dosage ketamine hydrochloride and vecuronium bromide for d.c. (direct current) recordings of fast electroretinographic (ERG) components in nine ophthalmoscopically healthy dark adapted dogs. The dogs were tracheally intubated and manually ventilated. They were given full field single flash stimuli of different intensities starting with near b-wave threshold blue light (tests 1-3), followed by white light (tests 4-6) and 30 Hz photopic flicker (test 7). The a- and b-wave amplitudes and flicker responses were measured from the base line. The latencies were measured from the stimulus moment to the highest point of the different waves.

Statistical analysis of results gave individual differencies which had a good constancy. This showed that the dogs had an individual ERG profile according to the standardized method. The latencies varied very little as expected, but the amplitudes differed individually and showed a good constancy as seen by reproducibility tests made nine to ten days later on three of the dogs’ ipsilateral eyes. The combination of drugs used in this study was considered suitable for short term (10-12 minutes) stable d.c.–ERG recordings in dogs as the rod and cone responses had higher amplitudes when compared to an identical examination made with other anaesthetic combinations on the same dogs.

Involuntary eye movements and other involuntary muscular activity caused by ketamine in dogs were negligible when using medetomidine premedication and was completely absent when using vecuronium.

The anaesthetic method described can be recommended for ambulatory ERG recordings in dogs because of the above mentioned advantages.

Sammendrag

En ny selektiv alfa 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, medetomidin hydroklorid kombinerades med en låg dos ketamin hydroklorid och vecuronium bromid för registrering av likströmsförstärkt elektroretinografi (ERG) på 9 oftalmoskopiskt friska mörkeradapterade hundar. Hundarna intuberades och ventilerades manuellt. De gavs enskilda blixtar av olika intensitet över hela synfältet börjande med blått ljus nära b-vågens retningströskel (test 1–3) följda av vitt ljus (test 4–6) och 30 Hz fotopiskt flimmer (test 7). Amplituderna av a- och b-vågorna och flimmer responserna mättes från noll-linjen. Latenstiderna mättas från stimulustidpunkten till den högsta punkten på de enskilda vågorna. Statistisk analys av resultaten påvisade individuella skillnader med god konstans. Hundarna hade en individuell ERG profil enligt den standardiserade metoden. Latenstiderna varierade mycket litet, men amplituderna varierade individuellt och visade sig ha god konstant enligt resultaten av en reproducerbarhets undersökning som gjordes 9–10 dagar senare på samma ögon på 3 av hundarna. Kombinationen av de använda preparaten ansågs vara lämplig för kort (10–12 min), stabil likströmsförstärkt ERG på hund emedan stav och tapp responserna hade högre amplituder än under andra kombinationer av anestetika undersökta på samma hundar.

Ofrivilliga ögonrörelser och muskelryckningar förorsakade av ketamin hos hund minskade betydligt med medetomidin premedikation och dylika fenomen försvann helt efter applicering av vecuronium. Den beskrivna anaestesimetoden kan rekommenderas för ambulatorisk ERG på hund på grund av de beskrivna fördelarna.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant from the Finnish Cultural Foundation.

The outhor thanks Dr Timo Nevalainen, Kuopio University, Finland, for the acquiring of the Beagle dogs.

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Kommonen, B. The DC-Recorded Dog Electroretinogram in Ketamine -Medetomidine Anaesthesia. Acta Vet Scand 29, 35–41 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548389

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