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Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs Using Isophane Insulin Penfills and the Use of Serum Fructosamine Assays to Diagnose and Monitor the Disease

Diabetes mellitus hos hund: En utprøving av engangsinjektorer med isophane insulin og nytten av fruktosamin målinger i diagnostikk og oppfølging av lidelsen

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to test the use of a prefilled insulin syringe (Insulatard® Novolet®, isophane insulin, 100 IU/mL) in treating diabetic dogs and to test the clinical usefulness of serum fructosamine measurements in diagnosing and monitoring diabetes mellitus in dogs. For this study 15 dogs from throughout Norway with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were included and treated over a period of 180 days. All 15 dogs showed pretreatment hyperglycaemia. Of the 13 dogs tested, all showed elevated pretreatment serum fructosamine values. Within 2 weeks, 3 of the 15 included dogs had dropped out of the study In 8 of the 12 remaining dogs, the clinical signs ceased within this period. Within a month, another dog was euthanised and one had died. Seven of the 10 remaining dogs were clinically normal. Three dogs had normal serum fructosamine concentrations, while in 6 dogs moderately or highly elevated serum fructosamine concentrations persisted. In one case serum fructosamine was not measured at this time. Increase in serum fructosamine concentration seemed to reflect hyperglycaemia and deteriorated clinical condition. Decrease in serum fructosamine concentration seemed to reflect improved glycaemic status and clinical condition. During the study period the owners did a total of approximately 3500 injections on their dogs. No reports of injection difficulties were received. This study documents that Insulatard® Novolet® is easy and safe to use in treating diabetic dogs and that serum fructosamine reflects long-term glucose concentrations in dogs. Serum fructosamine measurements provided a simple and easy way to diagnose persistent hyperglycaemia and monitor the treatment in diabetic patients.

Sammendrag

15 hunder fra hele Norge som nylig hadde fått diabetes mellitus ble inkludert i studien. Alle hundene ble fulgt opp av sine lokale veterinœrer og innkalt til regelmessige kontroller hos disse i løpet av oppfølgingstiden på 6 måneder.

Alle 15 hundene viste innledningsvis markert hyperglykemi, ×(15) = 23.6 mmol/L med en spredning på 16.0–47.6 mmol/L (referanse område: 3.6–6.6 mmol/L). Fruktosamin målinger ble foretatt på 13 hunder før behandling ble igangsatt. Alle disse 13 hundene viste forhøyede fruktosaminverdier, ×(13) = 520 μmol/L med en spredning på 451–803 μmol/L (referanse område: 250–320 μmol/L).

Hos 8 av de 12 hundene som var i live etter 2 uker var den kliniske tilstanden normalisert. Etter en måneds behandling var den kliniske tilstanden normalisert hos 8 av 10 hunder og fruktosamin i serum var normalisert hos 3 hunder. En hund viste moderat forhøyet fruktosamin konsentrasjon, mens 5 hunder fremdeles viste markert forhøyede verdien Hos en hund ble serum fruktosamin ikke undersøkt på dette tidspunktet. Seks hunder døde eller ble avlivet i løpet av oppfølgingstiden. En hund møtte ikke opp etter den første kontrollen. Tre moderate episoder med hypoglykemi ble rapportert. To hunder utviklet katarakt i løpet av oppfølgingsperioden. To hunder hadde katarakt ved inklusjon som utviklet seg videre.

Tilsammen utførte eieme til disse 15 hundene ca. 3500 injeksjoner med Insulatard® Novolet®, 100 IU/mL uten at tekniske eller praktiske problemer ble rapportert.

Denne Studien viser at engangsinjektorer med isophane insulin, Insulatard® Novolet®, og målinger av serum fruktosamin er velegnet i behandling, diagnostikk og oppfølging av diabetes mellitus hos hunder.

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Acknowledgments

The financial support of Novo Nordisk A/S is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank all the participating veterinarians for their cooperation in this study.

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Correspondence to S. I. Thoresen.

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Thoresen, S.I., Lorenzen, F.H. Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs Using Isophane Insulin Penfills and the Use of Serum Fructosamine Assays to Diagnose and Monitor the Disease. Acta Vet Scand 38, 137–146 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548493

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