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The Effect of Grain Preservatives on the Growth of the Fungus Fusarium Graminearum and on the Quantity of Zearalenone

Effekten av konserveringsmedel på våxt av Fusarium graminearum och på mångden zearalenone

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of preservatives, “Luprosil®” (propionic acid) and “Gasol” (contains organic acids and some additional compounds) on the growth of mycelium and the toxin content of stored grain (oats) infected by Fusarium and containing zearalenone have been examined.

The toxin quantity was determined before adding the preservatives quantitatively (by liquid chromatography) from the ether extracts of oats cultures and semiquantitatively (by bioassay) from the solid residues of the extracted grain cultures. The total amount of toxin in the contaminated grain was proved to be 2.5 mg per g of dry matter.

Preservatives were added to the grain which contained 37 % of dry matter: “Luprosil®” 0.08 ml and “Gasol” 0.12 ml/g dry matter applying average or slightly high recommended doses.

The two preservatives completely prevented the growth of a visible mycelium. Propionic acid (“Luprosil®”) had no influence on the toxin content of oats. “Gasol” decreased the percentage of the total toxin about 60 % in 3 days, 85 % in 14 days and 90 % in 28 days.

Further investigations into this subject are now proceeding.

Sammanfattning

Två konserveringsmedel för spannmål, „Luprosil®“ (verksam betåndsdel propionsyra) och „Gasol“ (organiska syror jämte tilläggsmedel) undersöktes beträffande effekten på mycelieväxten och toxinhalten i spannmål (havre) kontaminerat med Fusarium graminearum och innehållande toxinet zearalenon.

Innan konserveringsmedlen tillsattes bestämdes toxinhalten i havrekulturerna genom vätskekromatografi på eterextrakt. Eventuellt kvarbliven östrogen effekt i mediet bestämdes semikvantitativt med biologisk test på juvenila honråttor. Den totala mängden toxin i det kontaminerade spannmålet visade sig vara 2,5 mg/g torrsubstans. Torrsubstanshalten var 37 %.

Den använda mängden konserveringsmedel per gram torrsubstans var 0,08 ml för „Luprosil®“ och 0,12 ml för „Gasol“, motsvarande 1–1½ gånger den rekommenderade koncentrationen för respektive medel.

Båda konserveringsmedlen förhindrade fullständigt växten av mycelium. Toxininnehållet i havren påverkades inte av propionsyra („Luprosil®“), däremot förorsakade „Gasol“ inom 3 dagar en minskning på 60 % i den initiala toxinhalten. Efter 2 veckor var minskningen 85 % och efter 4 veckor 90 %.

Undersökningar beträffande verkningssättet fortgår.

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Kallela, K., Saastamoinen, I. The Effect of Grain Preservatives on the Growth of the Fungus Fusarium Graminearum and on the Quantity of Zearalenone. Acta Vet Scand 22, 417–427 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548667

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