Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Monitoring Antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in Sow Colostrum – a Tool to Document Freedom of Infection

Analys av antikroppar gentemot Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - er metod att dokumentera infektionsfrihet

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 41, pages 213–225 (2000)Cite this article

Abstract

In a survey in Finland in 1995, 14919 colostral whey samples from 530 farrowing herds were analysed by a monoclonal blocking-ELISA to detect antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae). Antibodies were detected in 274 (1.8%) samples and in 42 herds (7.9%). The median prevalence of sows with antibodies in seropositive herds was 28.2% (range, 2.7–100%). According to clinical and pathological follow-up in finishing herds in 1996, all of the farrowing herds which were seronegative in 1995, were truly non-infected with M. hyopneumoniae. In acutely infected herds, samples collected earlier than 2 h after farrowing were 3 times more likely to contain antibodies than samples collected 2–12 h after farrowing (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4–6.6). Repeated freezing or spoilage of the colostrum samples did not cause biologically relevant problems for the ELISA. Antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae were shown to persist up to 3 years in some sows. As a conclusion, colostrum samples were very sensitive samples for the screening of herds for M. hyopneumoniae infection and possibly also for a regular surveillance.

Sammanfattning

I en kartläggning i Finland år 1995 analyserades 14 919 råmjölksprov från 530 besättningar för antikroppar mot Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae). En monoklonal blocking-ELISA användes. I småbesättningarna analyserades prov från varje sugga. I de stora besättningarna analyserades 30 prov. Alla besättningarna var med i något hålsoövervakningsprogram. Antikroppar mot M. hyopneumoniae konstaterades i 274 prov (1.8%) och i 42 besättningar (7.9%). Medianprevalensen av suggor med antikroppar i seropositiva besättningar var 28.2% (variation, 2.7%–100%). Enligt uppföljning i år 1996 var alla besättningarna, som var seronegativa i 1995, faktiskt infektionsfria avseende M. hyopneumoniae. I akut infekterade besättningarna var prov som hade mjölkats tidigare än 2 timmar efter grisningen, 3 gånger oftare seropositiva än prov som hade mjölkats 2–12 timmar efter grisningen (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% konfidens intervall 1.4–6.6). Upprepad frysning eller förskämning av råmjölksprov påverkade inte betydligt resultaten av ELISA testen. Efter en lyckad sanering påvisades antikroppar mot M. hyopneumoniae upp till 3 år efter saneringen bland suggor som var fodda fore saneringen. Sammanfattningsvis; råmjölksprov kan effektivt användas för kartläggning av suggbesättningar avseende M. hyopneumoniae infektion. Råmjölksprovtagning förefaller användbar också for regelbunden kontroll för nyinfektioner.

References

  • Anonymous: Agrifacts about Finland 1997a. Fin-food. Vantaa, Finland.

  • Anonymous: Sikaloiden vapaaehtoinen terveysval-vontaohjelma. (A health control programme for breeding herds.) D 85, 30.7. 1997b. Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Veterinary and Food Department. Helsinki, Finland.

  • Anonymous: Animal diseases in Finland in 1997. Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Veterinary and Food Department. Helsinki, Finland. 1998.

  • Armstrong CH, Freeman MJ, Sands-Freeman L, Lopez-Osuna M, Young T, Runnels LJ: Comparison of the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and the Indirect Hemagglutination and Complement Fixation Tests for Detecting Antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Can. J. Comp. Med. 1983, 47, 464–470.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bereiter M, Young TF, Joo H, Ross RF: Evaluation of the ELISA and comparison to the complement fixation test and radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine serum. Vet.Microb. 1990, 25, 177–192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourne FJ, Curtis J: The transfer of immunoglobins IgG, IgA and IgM from serum to colostrum and milk in the sow. Immunology 1973, 24, 157–162.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwkamp FT, Stegeman JA, Kimman TG: Use of colostrum to detect antibodies against glycoprotein I of Aujeszky′s disease virus. Vet.Rec. 1993, 133, 591–593.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon RM, Roe RT: Livestock disease surveys: A field manual for veterinarians. Australian Bureau of Animal Health, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, 1982, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casella G, Berger RL: Statistical inference. Wads-worth & Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, California 1990, 90–92 and 444–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen G, Sørensen V, Mousing J: Diseases of the respiratory system. In: Leman et al. (ed.): Diseases of swine. Iowa State University Press, Ames 1999, 913–940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberli A: Evaluation eines ELISA zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae im Blut und in der Milch von Schweinen. (Evaluation of an ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in serum and colostrum of swine). Thesis. Universität Zürich, 1987.48 pp.

  • Goodwin RFW: Apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: Search for possible causes. Vet.Rec. 1985, 116, 690–694.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klobasa F, Butler JE, Werhahn E, Habe F: Maternalneonatal immunoregulation in swine. II. Influence of multiparity on de novo immunoglobulin synthesis by piglets. Vet.Immun. and Immunopath. 1986, 11, 149–159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klobasa F, Butler JE: Absolute and relative concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M and A, and albumin in the lacteal secretion of sows of different lactation numbers. Am.J.Vet.Res. 1987, 48, 176–182.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laube P, Stärk KDC, Keller H: A simulation of the eradication of enzootic pneumonia (EP) in a test region using a geographic information system (GIS). Proceedings of the 14th IPVS congress, Bologna, Italy, July 7–10, 1996. p. 536.

  • Levonen K: Detection of enzootic pneumonia in pig herds using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in sow colostrum. Res.Vet.Sci. 1994a, 56, 111–113.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levonen K, Veijalainen P, Seppänen J: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype-2 antibodies in sow colostrum in Finnish pig-health-scheme herds. J.Vet.Med. B. 1994b, 41, 567–573.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levonen K, Frandsen PL, Seppänen J, Veijalainen P: Detection of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida infections in swine herds by assaying antibodies in sow colostrum. J.Vet.Diagn.Invest. 1996, 8, 455–459.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin SW, Meek AH, Willeberg P: Veterinary Epidemiology. Principles and methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames 1987, 45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin SW, Shoukri M, Thorburn MA: Evaluating the health status of herds based on tests applied to individuals. Prev.Vet. Med. 1992, 14, 33–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris CR, Gardner IA, Hietala SK, Carpenter TE, Anderson RJ, Parker KM: Persistence of passively acquired antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a swine herd. Prev.Vet.Med. 1994, 21, 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rautiainen E, Hautala M, Saranpää T, Virtala A-M: A comparative study of feeder pig units using dry or liquid feeding in the western part of Finlan. Part 1: The mortality rate, the causes of death and the gastric ulceration. Suomen Eläinlääkäril. 1991, 97, 284–296. (English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rautiainen E, Nyberg M, Levonen K: The use of sow colostrum samples for regular herd health control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. Proceedings of the 14th IPVS congress, Bologna, Italy, July 7–10, 1996. p. 219.

  • Rautiainen E: The prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pig herds in Western Finland based on the demonstration of antibodies in colostrum by ELISA. Acta vet. scand. 1998, 39, 325–330.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ross RF: Mycoplasmal diseases. In: Leman et al. (ed.): Diseases of swine. Iowa State University Press, Ames 1999, 495–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stärk KDC, Keller H, Eggenberger E: Risk factors for the reinfection of specific pathogen-free pig breeding herds with enzootic pneumonia. Vet. Rec. 1992, 131, 532–535.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen V, Barfod K, Feld NC: Evaluation of a monoclonal blocking ELISA and IHA for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in SPF-pig herds. Vet.Rec. 1992, 130, 488–490.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen V, Barfod K, Feld NC, Vraa-Andersen L: Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the surveillance of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 1993, 12, 593–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen V, Ahrens P, Barfod K, Feenstra AA, Feld NC, Friis NF, Bille-Hansen V, Jensen NE, Pedersen MW: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs: Duration of the disease and evaluation of four diagnostic assays. Vet.Microb. 1997, 54, 23–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen BL, Jorsal SE, Andersen S, Willeberg P: The Cox regression model applied to risk factor analysis of infections in the breeding and multiplying herds in the Danish SPF system. Prev. Vet.Med. 1992, 12, 287–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuovinen VK, Levonen KH, Gröhn YT, Straw BE: The prevalence of some economically important swine diseases in farrowing units in Southwestern Finland. Prev.Vet.Med. 1994, 19, 85–100.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tuovinen VK, Heinonen ML: Diminishing the need of antibiotics in pork production. Proceedings of the 9th International Congress in Animal Hygiene, Helsinki, Finland, August 17–21, 1997. pp. 262–265.

  • Wallgren P, Bölske G, Gustafsson S, Mattsson S, Fossum C: Humoral immune response to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in sows and offsprings following an outbreak of mycoplasmosis. Vet. Microb. 1998, 60, 193–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yagihashi T, Kazama S, Tajima M: Seroepidemiology of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine in Japan as surveyd by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vet. Microb. 1993, 34, 155–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann W, Tschudi P, Nicolet J: ELISA-Serologie in Blut und Kolostralmilch: eine Möglichkeit zur Überwachung der enzootischen Pneumoniae (EP) in Schweine-Beständen. (ELISA serology on milk and serum: a possibility to a herd health control of enzootic pneumonia in swine herds.) Schweiz. Arch.Tierheilk. 1986, 128, 299–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann W, Odermatt W, Tshudi P: Enzootische pneumoniae (EP): Die Teilsanierung EP-reinfizierter Schweinezuchtbetribe als alternative zur Totalsanierung. (Swine enzootic pneumonia: Partial depopulation as an alternative to total depopulation in eradication of the infection.) Schweiz.Arch.Tierheilk. 1989, 131, 179–191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. V. Tuovinen

    Present address: Lihakunta, P.O. Box 147, FIN-70101, Kuopio, Finland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Regional Laboratory in Seinäjoki, Finland

    E. Rautiainen

  2. Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland

    E. Rautiainen

  3. LSO Foods Ltd., Turku, Finland

    V. Tuovinen

  4. Schneverdingen, Germany

    K. Levonen

Authors
  1. E. Rautiainen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. Tuovinen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Levonen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Rautiainen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rautiainen, E., Tuovinen, V. & Levonen, K. Monitoring Antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in Sow Colostrum – a Tool to Document Freedom of Infection. Acta Vet Scand 41, 213–225 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03549630

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03549630

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147