Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Mycoplasmas Isolated from the Respiratory Tract of Cattle and Goats in Tanzania

Isolation af mykoplasmer fra respirationsvejene hos kvœg og geder i Tanzania

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 41, pages 299–309 (2000)Cite this article

Abstract

A microbiological study of the mycoplasma flora in the respiratory tracts of cattle and goats in selected regions of Tanzania is described. In the examination of cattle, mycoplasmas were isolated from 60 (17.8%) of the 338 examined lung samples, 8 (47.1%) of the 17 lymph nodes, 4 (13.3%) of the 30 pleural fluid samples and 4 (3.9%) of the 103 nasal swabs examined. All the isolates were identified as Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type except for one isolate from pleural fluid which was identified as Mycoplasma arginini. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type was isolated from samples originating from Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya, Morogoro and Shinyanga regions where outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia had been reported. In the examination of goats, mycoplasmas were isolated from 54 (34.0%) of the 159 examined lung samples, 41 (18.1%) of the 226 nasal swabs and 4 (40.0%) of the 10 pleural fluid samples. The species demonstrated were Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and M. Capricolum subsp. arginini. The isolation of M. capripneumoniae in the Coast and Morogoro regions confirmed the presence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in the regions.

Sammendrag

En mikrobiologisk undersøgelse af mykoplasmer floraen i respirationsvejene hos kvæg og geder i udvalgte regioner af Tanzania er blevet udført. Ved undersøgelsen af kvæg blev mykoplasmer isoleret fra 60 (17,8%) ud af 338 undersøgte lunger, fra 8 (47,1%) af 17 lymfeknuder, fra 4 (13,3%) af 30 prøver fra pleurahule eksudat og fra 4 (3,9%) af 103 næsehulesvabere. Alle isolater blev identificeret som Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type på nær eet isolåt identificeret som Mycoplasma arginini hidrørende fra pleurahulen. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type, blev isoleret fra prøver hidrørende fra Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya, Morogoro og Shinyanga regionerne, hvorfra udbrud af kontagiøs bovin pleuropneumoni er blevet rapporteret. Ved undersøgelsen af geder blev mykoplasmer isoleret fra 54 (34,0%) af 159 undersøgte lunger, fra 41 (18,1%) af 226 naesehulesvabere og fra 4 (40,0%) af 10 prøver pleurahule eksudat. De påviste arter er M. capripneumoniae, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type M. ovipneumoniae og M. arginini. Isolationen af M. capripneumoniae in Coast og Morogoro regionerne bekræfter tilstedeværelsen af kontagiøs caprin pleuropneumoni i regionerne.

References

  • Bitsch V, Friis NF, Krogh HV: A microbiological study of pneumonic calf lungs. Acta vet. scand. 1976, 17, 32–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brandao E: Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC strains in sheep and goats. Vet. Rec. 1995, 136, 98–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bölske G: Respiratory mycoplasmoses in goats especially with regard to diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Ph.D. thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 1995.

  • Bölske G, Engvall A, Renström LHM, Wierup M: Experimental infections in goats with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, LC type. Res. Vet. Sci. 1989, 46, 247–252.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bölske G, Wilhelmsson E, Twinamasiko E, Johansson KE: Detection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae in goats and sheep in Uganda. IOM Lett. 1994, 2, 19–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bölske, G, Mattson JG, Basunana CR, Bergstrom K, Wesonga H, Johansson, KE: Diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia by detection and identification of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996, 34, 785–791.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bölske G, Msami HM, Gunnarsson A, Kapaga AM, Loomu PM: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in northern Tanzania, culture confirmation and serological studies. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 1995, 27, 193–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottew GS, Yeats FR: Subdivision of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides from cattle and goats into two types. Aust. Vet. J. 1978, 54, 293–296.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DaMassa AJ, Wdkenell PS, Brooks DL: Mycoplasmas of goats and sheep. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1992, 4, 101–113.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernø H: Bovine Mycoplasmas: Cultural, biochemical, immunological and pathogenicity studies. DVSc thesis. University of Aarhus, 1974.

  • Ernø H: Mycoplasmas related to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. In: Hall SA (ed): The diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and other infections with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. A Seminar in the CEC Programme of Coordination of Research on Animal Pathology held in Brussels, June 16–17, 1983. Document No. EUR 8654. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freundt EA: Mycoplasmas. Practical aspects of serological identification. Les Colloques de lTnstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. 1974, 33, 161–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freundt EA: Historical and taxonomic position of the agent and the role of reference centres. In: Hall SA (ed): The diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and other infections with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. A Seminar in the CEC Programme of Coordination of Research on Animal Pathology held in Brussels, June 16–17, 1983. Document No. EUR 8654. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1983.

  • Friis NF: The SPS and digitonin tests applied to porcine mycoplasmas. Acta vet. scand. 1975, 16, 474–476.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Friis NF, Krogh HV: Isolation of mycoplasma from Danish cattle. Nord Vet. Med. 1983, 35, 74–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friis NF, Pedersen KB: Isolation of Mycoplasma bovoculi from cases of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Acta vet. scand. 1979, 20, 51–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gardella RS, DelGiudice RA, Tully JG: Immunofluorescence. In: Razin S, Tully JG (eds), Methods in Mycoplasmology. Vol. I. Mycoplasma characterization. Academic Press, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez C, Rodriguez JL, Montoya JA, Fenandez A: Clinico-pthological and haematological findings in goat kids experimentally infected simultaneously with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (large colony-type). Small Rum. Res. 1999, 31, 187–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones GE: Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia. Technical Series No. 9. Office International Des Epizooties, Paris, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones GE, Woods AR: Microbiological and serological studies on caprine pneumonias in Oman. Res. Vet. Sci. 1988, 44, 125–131.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kobisch M, Friis NF: Swine mycoplasmoses. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1996, 15, 1569–1605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kusiluka LJM, Semuguruka WD, Kazwala RR, Ojeniyi B, Friis NF: Demonstration of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Small Colony type in outbreaks of caprine pleuropneumonia in eastern Tanzania. Acta vet. scand. 2000, 41, 000–000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefèvre PC, Jones GE, Ojo MO: Pulmonary mycoplasmoses of small ruminants. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1987, 6, 759–799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lwebandiza TS: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Tanzania. Bull. Off. int. Epiz. 1969, 72, 71–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado M, Ferreira H, Ramos MA, Brandao E, Tavares A, Cardoso M: Experimental infection of sheep and goats with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC isolated from small ruminants. In: Leori G, Santini F, Scanziani E and Frey (eds), Mycoplasmas of ruminants: pathogenicity, diagnostics, epidemiology and molecular genetics. COST 826, Report EUR 18018. European Communities, Luxembourg, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacOwan KJ, Minette JE: A mycoplasma from acute contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Kenya. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 1976, 8, 91–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masiga WN, Domenech J: Overview and epidemiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Africa. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1995, 14, 611–620.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melewas JN: The history, spread and extent of CBPP and CCPP in Tanzania – The National Perspectives. Paper presented at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Workshop on CBPP and CCPP, Morogoro, 27–28 July, 1999.

  • Msami HM: Pneumonias in goats in Tanzania with special regard to mycoplasma infections. Proc. 9th Tanzania Vet. Assoc. Sci. Conf. Arusha, December 1991.

  • Msami HM, Kapaga AM, Bölske G, Kimaro RT, Mundogo J, Mbise A: Occurance of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Tanzania. 1998a, 18, 285–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Msami HM, Ponela-Mlelwa T, Mtei BJ: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Tanzania: Current status. Paper presented at the ARC-Onderstepoort OIE International Congress with WHO-Cosponsorship on Anthrax, Brucellosis, CBPP, Clostridial and Mycobacterial diseases, Berg-en-Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 9–15 August, 1998b.

  • Nyange JFC, Mbise AN: Suspected contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and canine parvovirus enteritis in Northern Tanzania. Proc. the 1st Tanzania Vet. Assoc. Sci. Conf. Morogoro, 12th–14th December 1983.

  • Pfützner H, Sachse K: Mycoplasma bovis as an agent of mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis and genital disorders in cattle. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1996, 15, 1477–1494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Provost A, Perreau P, Breard A, Le Goff C, Martel JL, Cottew GS: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1987, 6, 625–679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regalla J, Lefèvre PC: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. In: OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. 3rd edition. Office International des Epizooties, Paris, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez JL, Poveda JB, Orós J, Herráez P, Sierra MA, Fernández A: High mortality in goats associated with the isolation of a strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Large Colony Type). J. Vet. Med. B. 1995, 42, 587–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross RF: Mycoplasmas – Animal pathogens. In: Kahane I, Adoni A (eds), Rapid Diagnosis of Mycoplasmas. Plenum Press, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rurangirwa FR, McGuire TC, Mbai L, Ndung’u L, Wambugu A: Preliminary field test of lyophilised contagious pleuropneumonia vaccine. Res. Vet. Sci. 1991, 50, 240–241.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rweyemamu M, Benkirane A: Global impact of infections with organisms of the ‘Mycoplasma mycoides cluster’ in ruminants. In: Frey J, Sarris K (eds): Mycoplasmas of ruminants: pathogenicity, diagnostics, epidemiology and molecular genetics. COST 826, Report EUR 16934, European Communities, Luxembourg, 1996.

  • Shimizu T: Isolation of Mycoplasma bovis from calf pneumonia in Japan. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 1982, 44, 981–983.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalheim OHV: Mycoplasmas of animals. In: Carter GR, Cole JR (eds): Diagnostic Procedures in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology. 5th edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes: Proposal of minimal standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1979, 29, 172–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanskanen R: The prevalence and level of colonisation by Mycoplasma dispar and other mycoplasmas in calf rearing farms. Acta vet. scand. 1987, 28, 209–226.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taoudi A, Kirchhoff H, Johnson DW, Choukrallah A: Prevalence of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species in cattle exhibiting various clinical diseases and pathological lesions in Morocco. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 1985, 32, 534–540.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ter Laak EA, Noordegraaf JH, Dieltjes RPJW: Prevalence of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tracts of pneumonic calves. J. Vet. Med. B. 1992, 39, 553–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiaucourt F, and Bölske, G: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and other pulmonary mycoplasmoses of sheep and goats. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1996, 15, 1397–1414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiaucourt F, Bölske G, Leneguersh B, Smith D, Wesonga H: Diagnosis and control of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 1996, 15, 1415–1429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas LH, Gourlay RN, Scott EJ, Howard CJ, Bridger JC: A search for new microorganims in calf pneumonia by the inoculation of gnotobiotic calves. Res. Vet. Sci. 1982, 23, 170–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisburg WG, Tully JG, Rose DL, Petzel JP, Oyaizu H, Yang D, Mandelco L, Sechrest J, Lawrence TG, Van Etten J, Maniloff J, Woese CR: A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasma: basis for their classification. J. Bacteriol. 1989, 171, 6455–6467.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Working Group of the FAO/WHO Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology: The growth inhibition test. World Health Organization Working Document, VPH/MIC/76.7. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark

    L. J. M. Kusiluka & B. Ojeniyi

  2. Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Denmark

    N. F. Friis & B. Kokotovic

  3. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania

    L. J. M. Kusiluka & R. R. Kazwala

Authors
  1. L. J. M. Kusiluka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Ojeniyi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. F. Friis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. R. Kazwala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B. Kokotovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. J. M. Kusiluka.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kusiluka, L.J.M., Ojeniyi, B., Friis, N.F. et al. Mycoplasmas Isolated from the Respiratory Tract of Cattle and Goats in Tanzania. Acta Vet Scand 41, 299–309 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03549638

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03549638

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147