Fig. 1
Differences between Group C and Group L in variables indicating anaesthetic depth and analgesia. Accumulated frequencies of the variables: Response to surgery, pedal withdrawal reflex, nasal septum pinch, iteration of drugs (detomidine-ketamine), muscular relaxation of forelimbs and spontaneous movement; during herniorrhaphy in pigs receiving an epidural injection of lidocaine (Group L: black rhombus) or an equivalent volume of physiological saline (Group C: grey squares) during azaperone-detomidine-butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia. The X-axis shows the time in minutes relative to start of surgery at time 0. The time for epidural injection is indicated with an arrow below the X-axis. Significance levels between groups: * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001