Virus-induced congenital malformations in cattle

Table 1 Definition of teratogenic lesions in the central nervous, muscle and skeletal systems and their association with intrauterine infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), blue tongue virus (BTV), Akabane virus (AKAV), or Aino virus (AV)

Lesion	Definition	BVDV	SBV	BTV	AKAV/AV
Hydranencephaly	Extensive loss of cerebral tissue with replacement by clear fluid	×	×	×	×
Porencephaly	Cystic fluid filled cavities in the brain tissue	×	×	×	×
Hydrocephalus	Dilation of the lateral ventricles by cerebrospinal fluid	×	×	×
Microencephaly	Reduced size of the cerebrum	×	×	×	×
Cerebellar hypoplasia	Reduced size of the cerebellum	×	×	×
Kyphosis	Dorsal vertebral column curvature		×
Lordosis	Ventral vertebral column curvature		×
Scoliosis	Lateral vertebral column curvature		×
Torticollis	Twisted cervical vertebral column curvature		×
Arthrogryposis	Joint contraction of the limbs		×		×

ISSN: 1751-0147