Metabolic and endocrine profiles and hepatic gene expression of Holstein cows fed total mixed ration or pasture with different grazing strategies during early lactation

Table 4 Hepatic expression of genes related to the energy metabolism during the peripartum and early lactation periods (from −40 to 55 days relative to parturition) in multiparous dairy cows assigned to three different feeding strategies during the first 60 days of lactation

Gene³	Days	All⁴	Treatments¹			SE	P value²
Gene³	Days	All⁴	G0	G1	G2	SE	PER	Days (PER)	TREAT (PER)
INSR							<0.01	0.04	0.92
	−40	1.00^b	–	–	–	–
	−20	0.91^b	–	–	–	–
	10	1.12^ab	1.21	1.00	1.14	0.25
	55	1.55^a	1.42	1.84	1.39	0.24
LEPRB							<0.01	0.15	0.02
	−40	1.00^b	–	–	–	–
	−20	1.41^ab	–	–	–	–
	10	1.49^a	1.61^abc	1.05^c	1.80^ab	0.47
	55	1.58^a	1.55^abc	1.17^bc	2.03^a	0.48
ADIPOR1							0.33	0.40	0.99
	−40	1.00	–	–	–	–
	−20	0.95	–	–	–	–
	10	0.98	0.98	0.96	1.00	0.67
	55	1.16	1.15	1.18	1.14	0.72
ADIPOR2							<0.01	0.59	0.91
	−40	1.02^b	–	–	–	–
	−20	0.92^b	–	–	–	–
	10	2.27^a	2.38	2.31	2.10	0.30
	55	2.06^a	1.83	2.26	2.09	0.30

¹Feeding strategies from calving (day 0) to 60 days postpartum: G0 DM offered as 100 % total mixed ration (TMR; n = 9), G1 DM offered as 50 % pasture in one (am) grazing session (6 h) plus 50 % TMR (n = 9), G2 DM offered as 50 % pasture in two (am/pm) grazing sessions (9 h) + 50 % TMR (n = 7)
² PER period (pre vs. postpartum), TREAT treatment. The interaction TREAT(PER) × Days was not significant (P > 0.25) for any of the genes
³ INSR = insulin receptor, LEPRB = full-length leptin receptor, ADIPOR1 = adiponectin receptor 1, ADIPOR2 = adiponectin receptor 2. Relative units, data are expressed as fold difference relative to first sample (−40 days)
⁴Lsmeans for Days (PER) effect, including all treatments
^a,b,cLetters denote least squares means differ (P ≤ 0.05)

ISSN: 1751-0147