Hock lesions in dairy cows in freestall herds: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors

Table 1 Herd-related variables analyzed for associations with hock lesions (HL) in 99 Swedish dairy herds

Group of variables	Number of variables	Examples of variables
General herd factors	4	Herd size (cows/year), production system, milk production, slaughter weights
Housing-related factors	17	Cubicle dimensions, year of cubicle installation, cubicle base, bedding material, stocking ratio (cows/cubicle)
Management -related factors	18	Pasture period, cubicle and alley cleaning, hoof trimming, milking, and feeding routines
Herd health-related factors	27	Presence of ectoparasites and digital dermatitis, calf and cow mortality^a, incidence rate of cullings and veterinary-treated diseases^a, fertility traits^a

^aBased on “Welfare signals”—herd performance indicators from the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme (Växa Sverige, Stockholm) based on the 12 months preceding the herd visit

ISSN: 1751-0147