Hock lesions in dairy cows in freestall herds: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors

Table 2 Cow- and herd-related variables associated with mild hock lesions (HL) in four multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression sub-models

Sub-model/variable	β	SE	OR	CI	P-value
Sub-model 1: cow-related factors (n = 2685)
Breed
Swedish Holstein (SH)	Ref
Swedish Red (SR)	− 0.34	0.12	0.71	0.56–0.90	0.005
SH × SR	− 0.28	0.19	0.75	0.52–1.09	0.136
DIM (days)
0–90	Ref
91–180	0.27	0.12	1.31	1.04–1.65	0.022
180–305	0.62	0.12	1.87	1.46–2.38	< 0.001
> 305	0.24	0.16	1.28	0.93–1.74	0.127
Sub-model 2: general herd and housing-related factors (n = 2545 cows)
Cubicle base
Rubber mats	Ref
Mattress	− 0.43	0.15	0.65	0.48–0.87	0.004
Production system
Conventional	Ref
Organic	− 0.47	0.19	0.62	0.43–0.91	0.014
Sub-model 3: management-related factors (n = 2685 cows)
Cow diet include maize silage
No	Ref
Yes	0.40	0.20	1.50	1.01–2.21	0.042
Type of feeding system
Automatic feeding stations for individual concentrate rations	Ref
Total mixed rations (TMR)	− 0.54	0.23	0.58	0.37–0.90	0.016
Combination of TMR and individual concentration rations	− 0.11	0.17	0.90	0.64–1.26	0.535
Type of milking parlor
Herringbone	Ref
Tandem	− 0.47	0.15	0.62	0.46–0.84	0.002
Sub-model 4: herd health-related factors (n = 2587 cows)
Heifers > 17 months not inseminated (%)^a
0–16	Ref
≥ 17	− 0.45	0.14	0.64	0.48–0.85	0.002

β regression coefficients, OR odds ratio, CI 95% confidence interval, Ref reference level
^aBased on data from the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme for the 12 months preceding the herd visit

ISSN: 1751-0147