Table 5 Results of multivariable linear regression analysis for risk factors for within-herd cow mortality rate over years 2017–2018 in 212 Estonian dairy herds
From: Herd-level risk factors for cow and calf on-farm mortality in Estonian dairy herds
Variable | Categories | n | Coefficienta | 95% Confidence Intervals | Category p-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Handling animals | Farmer and/or family members | 51 | 0 | < 0.001 | ||
Employees in addition to farmer/family | 26 | 0.10 | − 0.22; 0.42 | 0.543 | ||
Employees only | 135 | 0.64 | 0.35; 0.93 | < 0.001 | ||
Housing system | Tie stall | 76 | 0 | 0.008 | ||
Free stall | 130 | -0.37 | − 0.65; − 0.09 | 0.011 | ||
Combined | 6 | 0.28 | − 0.29; 0.85 | 0.337 | ||
Grazing | No | 83 | 0 | 0.006 | ||
Yes | 96 | -0.37 | − 0.72; − 0.03 | 0.034 | ||
Only dry cows | 33 | 0.25 | − 0.03; 0.52 | 0.076 | ||
Frequency of prophylactic hoof trimming | No | 39 | 0 | 0.002 | ||
Less than once a year | 31 | -0.37 | − 0.69; − 0.04 | 0.028 | ||
Once a year | 60 | -0.56 | − 0.87; − 0.25 | < 0.001 | ||
≥ 2 times per year | 82 | -0.31 | − 0.67; 0.06 | 0.105 | ||
Herd size x herd average proportion of stillbirths (SB) | Herds with < 130 cows and SB < 7.5% | 59 | 0 | < 0.001 | ||
Herd with < 130 cows and SB ≥ 7.5% | 47 | 0.57 | 0.29; 0.85 | < 0.001 | ||
Herd with ≥ 130 cows and SB < 7.5% | 47 | 0.29 | − 0.05; 0.63 | 0.092 | ||
Herd with ≥ 130 cows and SB ≥ 7.5% | 59 | 0.43 | 0.08; 0.78 | 0.016 | ||
Herd average number of lactations | 212 | -0.30 | − 0.55; − 0.05 | 0.020 | 0.020 | |
Regionb | Northeast | 58 | 0 | < 0.001 | ||
Southeast | 44 | -0.75 | − 1.01; − 0.48 | < 0.001 | ||
Southwest | 72 | -0.41 | − 0.66; − 0.16 | 0.001 | ||
Northwest | 38 | -0.46 | − 0.75; − 0.18 | 0.002 | ||
Intercept | 212 | 3.08 | 2.30; 3.87 | < 0.001 |