Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Enterotoxin Production at 4, 22, And 37°C by Yersinia Enterocolitica and Yersinia Enterocolitica-Like Bacteria Isolated from Porcine Tonsils and Pork Products

Enterotoksinproduksjon ved 4, 22 og 37°C hos Yersinia enterocolitica og Yersinia enterocolitica-lignende bakterier isolert fra tonsiller hos gris og matvarer med svinekjøtt som vesentlig bestanddel

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 26, pages 13–20 (1985)Cite this article

Abstract

Altogether, 71 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria from porcine tonsils and pork products were examined for their ability to produce enterotoxin using the infant mouse assay. Of these, 37 strains (52.1 %) produced enterotoxin at 22 °C, 3 were positive at 4 and 22 °C, and 1 was enterotoxigenic at 22 and 37°C. No strain was positive at all 3 temperatures. The highest prevalence of enterotoxin production at 22°C was detected in serotype 0:11 (80.0%), followed by 0:3/ biotype 4 (74.2 %), and 0:12 (66.7 %). Enterotoxin production at 4°C was recorded in 2 (15.4 %) of the Yersinia kristensenii strains (0:11, 0:12) and 1 of the Yersinia enterocolitica strains, (0:3) examined. One Yersinia kristensenii strain (0:11) was enterotoxigenic at 37 °C. The results indicate that enterotoxin production is a common feature of yersiniae isolated from porcine tonsils and pork products in Norway and may represent a possible source of food borne intoxication.

Sammendrag

I alt ble 71 stammer av Yersinia enterocolitica og Yersinia enterocolitica-lignende bakterier undersøkt for enterotoksinproduksjon in vitro (infant mouse assay). Trettisju (52,1 %) av stammene produserte enterotoksin ved 22° C, og 3 av dem ved 4 og 22° C, mens 1 stamme var enterotoksinproduserende ved 22 og 37°C. Høyeste frekvens av enterotoksinproduserende stammer ved 22°C ble funnet innen serotype 0:11 (80,0%), etterfulgt av 0:3/biotype 4 (74,2%) og 0:12 (66,7%). Enterotoksinproduksjon ved 4°C ble funnet hos 2 av Yersinia kristensenii — stammene (0:11, 0:12) og 1 av Yersinia enterocolitica — stammene (0:3) som ble undersøkt. En Yersinia kristensenii — stamme (0:11) var positiv ved 37°C. Resultatene viser at enterotoksinproduksjon er svært vanlig hos Yersinia-bakterier isolert fra svinetonsiller og matvarer med svinekjøtt som vesentlig bestanddel i Norge.

References

  • Boyce, J. M., D. J. Evans, D. G. Evans & H. L. DuPont: Production of heat-stable, methanol-soluble enterotoxin by Yersinia entero-colitica. Infect. Immun. 1979, 25, 532–537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, S. G.: Yersinia enterocolitica in Danish pigs. J. appl. Bact. 1980, 48, 377–382.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, A. G., Y. Ching, R. G. Williams & L. B. Harden: Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: Application in a study of diarrhea in children in Honolulu. J. infect. Dis. 1972, 125, 407–411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gemski, P., J. R. Lazere & T. Casey: Plasmid associated with pathogenicity and calcium dependency of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 1980, 27, 682–685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurvell, B.: Zoonotic Yersinia enterocolitica infection: Host range, clinical manifestations, and transmission between animals and man. In E. J. Bottone (ed.) : Yersinia enterocolitica. C.R.G. Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida 1981, p. 145–159.

  • Kapperud, G.: Studies on the pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like bacteria. 1. Enterotoxin production at 22°C and 37°C by environmental and human isolates from Scandinavia. Acta path, microbiol. scand. Sect. B 1980, 88, 287–291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapperud, G.: Enterotoxin production at 4°, 22°, and 37°C among Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like bacteria. Acta path, microbiol. immunol. scand. Sect. B 1982, 90, 185–189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapperud, G., B. P. Berdal & T. Omland: Enterotoxin production by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like microbes at 22°C and 37°C. Acta path, microbiol. scand. Sect. B 1980, 88, 65–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapperud, G. & G. Langeland: Enterotoxin production at refrigeration temperature by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria. Curr. Microbiol. 1981, 5, 119–122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laird, W. J. & D. C. Cavanaugh: Correlation of autoagglutination and virulence of yersiniae. J. clin. Microbiol. 1980, 11, 430–432.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mollaret, H. H., H. Bercovier & J. M. Alonso: Summary of the data received at the WHO Reference Center for Yersinia enterocolitica. Contr. Microbiol. Immunol. 1979, 5, 174–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nesbakken, T., B. Gondrosen & G. Kapperud: Investigation of Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria, and thermo-tolerant Campylobacters in Norwegian pork products. Int. J. Food Microbiol. In press.

  • Nesbakken, T. & G. Kapperud: Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria in Norwegian slaughter pigs. Int. J. Food Microbiol. In press.

  • Okamoto, K., T. Inoue, K. Shimizu, S. Hara & A. Miyama: Further purification and characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 1982, 35, 958–964.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, E., K. Krovacek, B. Hurvell & T. Wadstrom: Enterotoxigenic porcine and human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica in Sweden. Curr. Microbiol. 1980, 3, 267–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pai, C. H., V. Mors & S. Toma: Prevalence of enterotoxigenicity in human and non-human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 1978, 22, 334–338.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Portnoy, D. A., S. L. Moseley & S. Falkow: Characterization of plasmids and plasmid — associated determinants of Yersinia enterocolitica pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 1981, 31, 775–782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sack, D. A., M. H. Merson, J. G. Wells, R. B. Sack & G. K. Morris: Diarrhoea associated with heat-stable enterotoxin — producing strains of Escherichia coli. Lancet 1975, 11, 239–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiemann, D. A.: Isolation of toxigenic Yersinia enterocolitica from retail pork products. J. Food Protect. 1980, 43, 360–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiemann, D. A. & J. A. Devenish: Relationship of HeLa cell infectivity to biochemical, serological, and virulence characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 1982, 35, 497–506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vesikari, T., T. Nurmi, M. Mäki, M. Skurnik, C. Sundqvist, K. Granfors & P. Grönroos: Plasmids in Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes 0:3 and 0:9: correlation with epithelial cell adherence in vitro. Infect. Immun. 1981, 33, 870–876.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wauters, G.: Contribution à l’étude de Yersinia enterocolitica. Thèse d’Agrégation. (Contribution to the study of Yersinia enterocolitica. Thesis). Louvain. Vander, Brussels, Belgium 1970.

  • Wauters, G.: Carriage of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 by pigs as a source of human infection. Contr. Microbiol. Immunol. 1979, 5, 249–252.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wauters, G.: Antigens of Yersinia enterocolitica. In E. J. Bottone (ed.) : Yersinia enterocolitica. C.R.G. Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida 1981, 41–53.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Hygiene, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 8146, Dep., 0033, Oslo 1, Norway

    Truls Nesbakken

Authors
  1. Truls Nesbakken
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nesbakken, T. Enterotoxin Production at 4, 22, And 37°C by Yersinia Enterocolitica and Yersinia Enterocolitica-Like Bacteria Isolated from Porcine Tonsils and Pork Products. Acta Vet Scand 26, 13–20 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546560

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546560

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147