Articles

The Dynamics, Prevalence and Impact of Nematode Infections in Organically Raised Sheep in Sweden

A three-year survey (1997–99) was carried out on organically reared sheep flocks throughout Sweden. The aim was to determine the prevalence and intensity of nematode infections and to establish relationships b...

Authors: Å Lindqvist, B-L Ljungström, O Nilsson and PJ Waller

Diagnoses and Treatments in Health-Classified Fattening Herds Rearing Pigs All In – All Out

This study describes diseases encountered, medications used and veterinary involvement in all in – all out finishing herds belonging to one pork production system. The finishing herds had a particular manageme...

Authors: M Heinonen, P Hämeenoja, H Saloniemi and V Tuovinen

Regional Eradication of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeFrom Pig Herds and Documentation of Freedom of the Disease

The objectives of this study were to 1) screen all sow herds in a region for M. hyopneumoniae, 2) to effectuate an eradication programme in all those herds which were shown to be infected with M. hyopneumoniae, a...

Authors: E Rautiainen, J Oravainen, JV Virolainen and V Tuovinen

Persistence of Granulocytic EhrlichiaInfection During Wintertime in Two Sheep Flocks in Norway

Granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in sheep is common in Norway in areas with Ixodes ricinus. In this study, 2 sheep flocks that had been grazing on I. ricinus infested pastures the previous season, were blood samp...

Authors: S Stuen, R Djuve and K Bergström

Serological Investigation of Granulocytic EhrlichiaInfection in Sheep in Norway

Serum samples of 749 sheep from 75 sheep flocks in Norway, i.e. 361 lambs (6 to 7 months old) and 388 adults (>1.5 year), were analysed for antibodies to Ehrlichia equi. Ten animals from each flock were examined....

Authors: S Stuen and K Bergström

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) in Gordon Setters with Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy and Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were demonstrated in 3 out of 10 Gordon setters with symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy and in 5 out of 13 Gordon setters with black hair follicular dysplasia. Two dogs showed both...

Authors: J Øvrebø Bohnhorst, I Hanssen and T Moen

Experimental Copper Deficiency, Chromium Deficiency and Additional Molybdenum Supplementation in Goats – Pathological Findings

Secondary copper (Cu) deficiency, chromium (Cr) deficiency and molybdenosis (Mo) has been suggested to cause the "mysterious" moose disease in the southwest of Sweden. The present experiment was performed on g...

Authors: H. Aupperle, H.A. Schoon and A. Frank

Clinical and Endocrine Investigations after Dexamethasone and Prostaglandin Induced Premature Parturition – A Case Report

Authors: K. Kask, K. Königsson, H. Kindahl and H. Gustafsson

Experimental Infection of Conventional Pigs with Streptococcus suis serotype 2 by Aerosolic Exposure

Authors: L. W. Madsen, B. Nielsen, B. Aalbæk, H. E. Jensen, J. P. Nielsen and H. J. Riising

Salmonella dublinin Danish Dairy Herds: Frequency of Change to Positive Serological Status in Bulk Tank Milk ELISA in Relation to Serostatus of Neighbouring Farms

Bulk tank milk from 1,429 herds were collected in 3 rounds from 19 different geographic areas. The milk samples were tested by use of indirect LPS-ELISA procedure to detect Salmonella dublin antibodies. From the ...

Authors: A Wedderkopp, U Strøger and P Lind

Plasma Melatonin Levels in Relation to the Light-Dark Cycle and Parental Background in Domestic Pigs

To study porcine melatonin secretion in a stable environment 3 daytime (10.00 – 15.00) and 3 nighttime (22.00 – 03.00) plasma samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from 15 gilts, 16 sows, 3 boars and ...

Authors: H Andersson

Optimization of the Agar-gel Method for Isolation of Migrating Ascaris suumLarvae From the Liver and Lungs of Pigs

Experiments on use of an agar-gel method for recovery of migrating Ascaris suum larvae from the liver and lungs of pigs were conducted to obtain fast standardized methods. Subsamples of blended tissues of pig liv...

Authors: I Saeed, A Roepstorff, T Rasmussen, M Høg and G Jungersen

Serum Calcium Response Following Oral Zinc Oxide Administrations in Dairy Cows

Six non-pregnant cows were allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 comprised a pair of lactating cows, whereas groups 2 and 3 each comprised a pair of non-lactating cows. The cows in groups 1 and 2 were dosed intraru...

Authors: T Thilsing-Hansen and RJ Jørgensen

Electrolyte Composition of Mink (Mustela vison) Erythrocytes and Active Cation Transporters of the Cell Membrane

Red blood cells from mink (Mustela vison) were characterized with respect to their electrolyte content and their cell membranes with respect to enzymatic activity for cation transport. The intra- and extracellula...

Authors: O Hansen and TN Clausen

Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate and Magnesium During Hypocalcaemia Induced by a Standardized EDTA Infusion in Cows

The intravenous Na₂EDTA infusion technique allows effective specific chelation of circulating Ca²⁺ leading to a progressive hypocalcaemia. Methods previously used were not described in detail and results obtained...

Authors: LSB Mellau, RJ Jørgensen and JMD Enemark

Effect of Tetracosactid on Post Partum Cyclicity in Cows after Induction of Parturition with PGF_2α

Parturition and retention of fetal membranes were induced with PGF_2α in 3 primiparous dairy cows. Starting on day 12 post partum (PP) the cows were treated with 500 μg i.m. of ACTH-analogue (tetracosactid) every ...

Authors: MC Veronesi, H Kindahl, H Gustafsson and B Kornmatitsuk

Specific Immune Response of Mares and their Newborn Foals to Actinobacillus spp. Present in the Oral Cavity

Oral swab samples, serum and colostrum was taken from 15 mares and 14 of their foals, within 24 h of birth. The presence of antibody against Actinobacillus spp. isolated from the oral cavity was investigated usin...

Authors: S. Sternberg

Calcification of the Intervertebral Discs and Curvature of the Radius and Ulna: A Radiographic Survey of Finnish Miniature Dachshunds

The vertebral column of 124 randomly selected miniature dachshunds, representing 4.5% of the population registered by the Finnish Kennel Club during the years 1988 to 1996, were radiographed. The front legs we...

Authors: A Lappalainen, M Norrgård, K Alm, M Snellman and O Laitinen

Field Study of Dairy Cows with Reduced Appetite in Early Lactation: Clinical Examinations, Blood and Rumen Fluid Analyses

The study included 125 cows with reduced appetite and with clinical signs interpreted by the owner as indicating bovine ketosis 6 to 75 days postpartum. Almost all of the cows were given concentrates 2 to 3 ti...

Authors: A Steen

In Vitro Evaluation of Frozen-Thawed Stallion Semen: A Review

The article reviews methods used for in vitro evaluation of sperm, with particular emphasis on frozen-thawed stallion sperm. The techniques, limitations of the methods and correlations with fertility results a...

Authors: T Katila

Antibacterial Drugs Prescribed for Dogs and Cats in Sweden and Norway 1990–1998

The usage of veterinary antibacterial drugs in dogs and cats in Sweden and Norway for the period 1990–1998 was investigated by use of drug wholesalers' statistics. Additionally, usage of human antibacterial dr...

Authors: K. Odensvik, K. Grave and C. Greko

Cubicle Refusal in Norwegian Dairy Herds

In order to survey the behaviour of choosing the alley area instead of a cubicle as a lying place (cubicle refusal), a questionnaire was sent to the 273 dairy farms in Norway known to keep cows in cubicle hous...

Authors: HP Kjæstad and HJ Myren

Failure to Use Cubicles and Concentrate Dispenser by Heifers after Transfer from Rearing Accommodation to Milking Herd

Thirty-three dairy farms in the Norwegian counties of Østfold and Akershus in which cubicle sheds had been in use for at least one year and with a herd size of less than 60 cows, were contacted and asked to pa...

Authors: H.P. Kjæstad and H.J. Myren

Regulation by Gonadal Steroids of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Along the Reproductive Tract in Female Lambs

The regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) expression by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the oviduct, uterus and cervix of female lambs was studied. The animals received three intram...

Authors: A. Meikle, E.G. Garófalo, M. Rodríguez-Piñón, C. Tasende and L. Sahlin

15-Ketodihydro-PGF_2α, Progesterone and Cortisol Profiles in Heifers after Induction of Parturition by Injection of Dexamethasone

In order to study rapid changes in 15-ketodihydro-PGF_2α, cortisol and progesterone in the period preceding parturition in cattle, pre-term parturition was induced in 4 late pregnant heifers. Parturitions were ind...

Authors: K. Königsson, K. Kask, H. Gustafsson, H. Kindahl and N. Parvizi

Changes in some Blood Micronutrients, Leukocytes and Neutrophil Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Periparturient Dairy Cows

Dairy cows are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, like mastitis, during the period around calving. Although factors contributing to increased susceptibility to infection have not been fully elucidated,...

Authors: G.E. Meglia, A. Johannisson, L. Petersson and K. Persson Waller

Management of Calving in Norwegian Cubicle-Housed Dairy Herds

Sixty of the 65 dairy farms with cubicle houses in the Norwegian county of Oppland were included in a field study of the management of calving in 1990. The farmers recorded the location of the cow when giving ...

Authors: H.P. Kjæstad and E. Simensen

Cubicle Refusal and Rearing Accommodation as Possible Mastitis Risk Factors in Cubicle-Housed Dairy Heifers

Fifty-nine of the 65 dairy farms with cubicle sheds in the Norwegian county of Oppland in 1990 were included in a study of rearing accommodation, cubicle refusal and mastitis incidence. The farmers recorded th...

Authors: HP Kjæstad and E. Simensen

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Pneumonia in Beef Calf Herds Despite Vaccination

The present report describes the clinical, pathological, serological and virological findings in calves from 2 larger Danish beef herds experiencing outbreaks of pneumonia. The calves had been vaccinated with ...

Authors: LE Larsen, C. Tegtmeier and E. Pedersen

Morphology of the Leather Defect Light Flecks and Spots

The skin histology and the scanning electron microscope morphology of the hide defect light flecks and spots after tanning were studied in 11 steers infested with biting lice (Damalinia bovis). Nine steers from h...

Authors: O. Nafstad, H. Wisløff and H. Grønstøl

The Effect of Eradication of Lice on the Occurrence of the Grain Defect Light Flecks and Spots on Cattle Hides

The influence of an eradication programme for lice on the prevalence of light flecks and spots on cattle hides was studied in 33 dairy cattle herds during a period of two and a half years. Lice were eradicated...

Authors: O. Nafstad and H. Grønstøl

Panel discussion

Authors: J. Christensen and V. Dantzer

Sampling to Detect Rare Diseases

Authors: Preben Willeberg

Variation in the Level of Grain Defect Light Flecks and Spots on Cattle Hides

The occurrence of hide damage light flecks and spots was determined on tanned hides from 28 herds during a period of 8 to 12 months. Light flecks and spots are described as small areas of grain loss up to 3 mm...

Authors: O. Nafstad and H. Grønstøl

Documenting Freedom From Disease and Re-Establishing a Free Status After a Breakdown Rabies

Rabies reappeared in Finland in the spring of 1988 after a 29-year absence. This time rabies occurred in sylvatic form and the major species involved was the raccoon dog. During the outbreak 1988–89 66 animals...

Authors: Liisa Sihvonen

Documenting Freedom From Disease And Re-Establishing a Free Status After a Breakdown Aleutian Disease (Plasmacytosis) in Farmed Mink in Iceland

Authors: Eggert Gunnarsson

Eradication of Lice in Cattle

The purpose of this field study was to develop and evaluate eradication as a strategy to control lice in cattle. Thirty-three herds of cattle were selected and observed during a period of two and a half years....

Authors: O. Nafstad and H. Grønstøl

Geographical Information System (GIS) as a Tool in Surveillance and Monitoring of Animal Diseases

In the veterinary epidemiology, the advantage of mapping the locations of farms and other facilities with animals is obvious. In an outbreak of a disease it could make the management of the situation easier, a...

Authors: Madelaine Norstrøm

Demographic Data of a Population of Insured Swedish Dogs Measured in a Questionnaire Study

Dogs, in the age range 1–3 years old, were randomly selected from the largest animal insurance database in Sweden for inclusion in the study. The study was performed in 1997, and a total of 680 dog owners were...

Authors: M. Sallander, Å. Hedhammar, M. Rundgren and J.E. Lindberg

Relationships Between Animal Health Monitoring and the Risk Assessment Process

Risk assessment is part of the risk analysis process as it is used in veterinary medicine to estimate risks related to international trade and food safety. Data from monitoring and surveillance systems (MO&SS)...

Authors: K. D. C. Stärk and M. D. Salman

A Concept for a Decision Support System Based on Practical Experiences from a National Disease Emergency The Dutch Experience

In 1997–1998, the Netherlands experienced a large epidemic of classical swine fever (CSF). The magnitude of this epidemic stressed the role information systems could play in supporting the management during an...

Authors: A. P. P. Crauwels, R. de Koning, M. Nielen, A. R. W. Elbers, A. A. Dijkhuizen and M. J. M. Tielen

Disease Recording Systems and Herd Health Schemes for Production Diseases

Disease recording of cattle is compulsory in Sweden and Norway. Sweden and Denmark also have mandatory disease recording for swine, whereas Finland and Norway only have compulsory recording of infectious disea...

Authors: S-O. Olsson, P. Baekbo, S. Ö. Hansson, H. Rautala and O. Østerås

Impact of Postovulatory Food Deprivation on the Ova Transport, Hormonal Profiles and Metabolic Changes in Sows

The effect of food deprivation on ova transport, hormonal profiles and metabolic changes was studied in 20 crossbred multiparous sows during their second oestrus after weaning. To determine the time of ovulati...

Authors: P Razdan, AM Mwanza, H Kindahl, F Hultén and S Einarsson

Surveillance of Fish Diseases in the Nordic Countries

Due to the increasing importance of disease problems in the fish farming industry and the impact disease may have on both feral and farmed fish in the Nordic countries, monitoring and surveillance on diseases ...

Authors: T. Håstein, A. Hellstrøm, G. Jonsson, N. J. Olesen and E. R.- Pärnänen

Plants as De-Worming Agents of Livestock in the Nordic Countries: Historical Perspective, Popular Beliefs and Prospects for the Future

Preparations derived from plants were the original therapeutic interventions used by man to control diseases (including parasites), both within humans and livestock. Development of herbal products depended upo...

Authors: PJ Waller, G Bernes, SM Thamsborg, A Sukura, SH Richter, K Ingebrigtsen and J Höglund

Effect of Industrial Infrastructure, Nature of Disease and Animal Demographics on Surveillance Strategies in Poultry

Authors: Mogens Madsen, B. Heier, D. Jansson, J. Reiersen and P. Vennerström

Surveillance of Ruminant Diseases in the Nordic Countries

All the Nordic countries have a basis for their surveillance and disease control in ruminants in national legislation and regulations listing notifiable diseases of concern to the countries. The Nordic countri...

Authors: Olafur Valsson, S. Alenius, T. Krogh Nielsen, O. Nyberg and P. Salmela

Economic Aspects of Disease Monitoring with Special Reference to Bovine Paratuberculosis

Monte Carlo simulation models were used to evaluate the feasibility and potential results of a proposed national survey of the prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) in dairy herds in Norway. The expected...

Authors: Larry G. Paisley

Epidemiological Concepts Regarding Disease Monitoring and Surveillance

Definitions of epidemiological concepts regarding disease monitoring and surveillance can be found in textbooks on veterinary epidemiology. This paper gives a review of how the concepts: monitoring, surveillan...

Authors: Jette Christensen

Why Do We Record Disease?

Authors: Martin Wierup